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Nephrology (nephros "kidney" -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of adult and

pediatric medicine that focuses on the health of kidneys including prevention and

treatment of kidney disease. A Nephrologist is a trained expert who is knowledgeable

not only about kidney disease but also about how kidney disease or dysfunction can

affect other parts of your body.

•  remove excess fluid and waste from the blood
• maintain your electrolyte balance
• release hormones that help with maintaining equilibrium in the body including managing blood pressure

Your primary care doctor will refer you to a Nephrologist when your estimated kidney function (eGFR) falls below 60 ml/min to help diagnose and avoid or reduce the risk of complete kidney failure with focused management and follow up. You can also be referred to a Nephrologist for the other reasons listed below.

•  Kidney disease, both Acute and Chronic
• Blood or Protein in Urine
• Nephrotic Syndrome
• Kidney Stones
• Kidney Infections
• Autoimmune diseases of the kidneys like glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Renal Artery Stenosis
• End-Stage Kidney Disease
• Kidney Transplant
• Resistant Hypertension
• Electrolyte Imbalance
• Kidney disease due to Heart failure
• Kidney disease due to Liver failure
• Kidney disease due to side effects of medications and drugs

 A detailed medical history, basic blood work and urinalysis is enough in most common kidney conditions but occasionally a Nephrologist may need to order more specialized blood and urine tests, imaging like ultrasound and CT scan and a kidney biopsy.